$ sudo apt install bashtop # Debian Linux $ snap install bashtop # snaps (apps) on Linux For instance I can install bashtop using the operating system’s package manager: In other words, bashtop may not be installed, and we need to install the same. Here is an example when I type bashtop:Īnd system will say: bash: bashtop: command not found Still, you or the sysadmin/vendor didn’t install the Unix command to begin with. You think your command is installed on Linux or Unix/macOS desktop. Hence, the last option is to install a missing package. If a typed Unix command is not in PATH and anywhere on the system means the command or app is not installed at all. See “ How do I become superuser on Ubuntu Linux using su/sudo?” and “ How Can I Log In As root User?” for more info. $ sudo chmod +x /path/to/file.sh Run the command as the root / superuser # sysadmin level permission needed for other users # Of course, we can use the chmod command to set executable permission: Make sure you have executable permission: MacOS Unix desktop or Linux desktop file manager also displays file permission. We can display file information and status easily by using the stat command: Outputs indicating my custom script called ~/bin/tochel has executable permission for user, group, and others: -rwxrwxr-x 1 vivek vivek 132 Oct 19 00:31 /home/vivek/bin/toc We can verify (view file permission) this using the ls command: Remember, all Unix or Linux commands or scripts must have executable permission set. For instance, run ls as /bin/ls: $ /bin/lsįinally, sometimes you may not have permission to run the command. You can run a program using its full pathname. Here is how it looks: time is a shell keyword You can also find out of the path using which command or whereis command or type command/ command as follows: So if it is not in your PATH, try to add directories to your search path as follows (setup Linux or UNIX search path with following bash export command): When you type the clear command, you are running /usr/bin/clear. All your programs are installed in these directories. Usually, all user commands are in /bin and /usr/bin or /usr/local/bin directories. Sample outputs: /usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/usr/local/bin:/home/vivekgite/bin You can see the current search path with the following echo command/ printf command: PATH is an environment shell variable that shows the different directories that your shell will see in order to find commands. All Linux and UNIX commands are case sensitive, and you need to type the correct spelling of the command.
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